6.5 Boundaries between Manifestations
The boundaries between one Manifestation and another are drawn on the basis of two criteria: changes in the publication context and changes in format.1 The distinction between one Manifestation and another can be made according to one of the two criteria or the presence of both.
6.5.1 Changes in the Publication Context¶
If the embodiment of a Work/Variant involves contextual changes, related to the publication or release process, the resulting product is a new Manifestation, e.g., a change from theatrical release to home video distribution; a change of release country and different dubbed/subtitled language; a change of broadcast company/streaming platform; a re-release or repeat broadcast on a different date, etc.
In this case, create a new Manifestation and characterise it according to a controlled list. A suggested list, which is open and not exhaustive, can be found at Manifestation Types
6.5.2 Changes in the Format¶
If the embodiment of a Work/Variant involves changes in format, the resulting product is a new Manifestation, e.g., a change from 70mm to 35mm.
Create a new Manifestation when there is evidence of at least one (or more than one) of the following changes from the original format:
Changes to the physical format or the digital file on which it is fixed.
Changes to the display characteristics (i.e. in aspect ratio, sound or colour characteristics, etc.)
Change in the container (i.e. cassette to cartridge as container for a tape).
Include and describe any of the distinguishing physical changes according to the guidelines in Format of a Moving Image Manifestation.
The example below shows a number of possible Manifestations of the original Italian version of Il gattopardo (Italy, France, Luchino Visconti, 1963).
Change in format.2
Example
Il gattopardo (Italy, France, Luchino Visconti, 1963)
Theatrical release, 35mm, Cinemascope – aspect ratio 2,35 : 1
Theatrical release, 70mm, Cinemascope – aspect ratio 2,20 : 1
Change in format and publication context.
Example
Il gattopardo (Luchino Visconti, 1963)
Home video publication, DVD – aspect ratio 2,21 :1 – Medusa Video, Italia, 00/00/2009
In-house copying of an institution’s holding onto a different format, e.g. a video transfer of a 35mm film does not necessitate creation of a new Manifestation. In this case there is also the option of simply creating an Item for the copy, and linking it to the same Manifestation as the source Item.
This option depends on an institution’s policy. Some may choose always to create a new Manifestation (i.e. a Preservation Manifestation) in such cases , whilst others may decide to create a new Manifestation where change in format and change in distribution/publication coincide but simply create a new Item linked to an existing Manifestation where change in format is as a result of in-house copying.
It is for an institution to decide on which approach it prefers and apply consistently.